Biography
Biography: Hideki Kozima
Abstract
Autistic children, in general, have difficulties in exchanging and sharing intention and emotion with others through nonverbal information, and experience delay in language development, especially in pragmatic use of language. In spite of these difficulties in social interactions, autistic children are relatively good at interacting with physical objects like toys. Though their interest and actions are often restricted to speciï¬c aspects, autistic children are generally good at understanding and manipulating things as physical and mechanistic systems. This implies that information processing for objects (by systemizing) and that for people (by empathizing) are quite independent, both in ontogenetic and phylogenetic meanings.
Robots can be seen as physical systems and/or as human-like social agents that have “mental states”. So, robots could provide autistic children with opportunities to experience interpersonal interactions with social agents through predictable interactions with physical systems. Based on this idea, we developed a simple robot, Keepon (Figure), which was designed to express only attention (by head orientation) and emotion (by simple body movements), so that autistic children could intuitively read its “mental states”, not being overwhelmed by complicated facial expressions, body gestures, or speech. Keepon is a simple physical system that can express a variety of social information.
For the past several years, we have been using Keepon as a mediator of social interaction with autistic children (at the age of two to five) at a day-care center for children with developmental disorders. Keepon, being tele-controlled by an operator (researcher or therapist), performed interactions with the autistic children in their daily therapeutic environment. The longitudinal interactions showed that the minimally designed robot worked well as a useful tool for therapeutic interventions. We analyzed the video data recorded from Keepon’s subjective viewpoint (of the onboard camera), and the data was offered to practitioners such as pediatricians and psychiatrists as well as the parents of the children for sharing and exchanging the understandings of each child’s developmental style.
In this presentation, we discuss the contribution of robot-mediated interaction to the research and practice of autism therapy, through examining the longitudinal observation at the day-care center. We describe in detail the interactive robot, Keepon, which enabled us to participate in the interaction with a child and record that interaction from its own perspective. Then, we describe our robot-mediated interventions at the day-care center by presenting a couple of cases of the interventions. Finally, we discuss psychological and phenomenological meanings of the robot-mediated participating observation in the children’s everyday situations.